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Segregation
Segregation is one of the starkest social realities of contemporary societies.Though often associated with explicitly racist laws of the past, it is a phenomenon that persists to this day and is a crucial element for understanding group relations and the wellbeing of different populations in society. In this book, Eric Fong, Kumiko Shibuya, and Brent Berry provide a thorough discussion of the evolving complexity of segregation in its variety and variations.The authors focus not only on past trends and the development of segregation measures, but also the current state of affairs, and demonstrate the connections between the segregation of racial/ethnic groups and immigrant communities, along with poverty concentration.By taking a wide, cross-cutting view, the authors identify commonalities and differences in the causes, mechanisms, and consequences of segregation.Spatial and social segregation together perpetuate and reinforce the unequal distribution of resources among racial and ethnic groups, which in turn can have positive and negative consequences for individuals and groups. This critical overview of segregation will be a valuable and insightful resource for students of sociology, geography, and ethnic studies, as well as those keen to get a handle on this persistent challenge to equal and inclusive societies.
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Prison Segregation : The Limits of Law
Prison Segregation: The Limits of Law explores the use of segregation in English prisons by examining how law is used and experienced, and how human rights are upheld.It draws on empirical research, through interviews with staff and prisoners, to understand how law ‘works’ (or not) in a site of the prison, which is traditionally characterised by real imbalances of power. The book draws on one of the first research studies of its kind: an in-depth ethnographic study of law, culture and norms within the segregation unit.It adopts a socio-legal perspective to explore: (i) how segregation is and should be used in prisons, and how the law sets the parameters of that usage (in theory); (ii) the complex web of laws and rules, as applies to segregation, and their relationship with the actors responsible for their implementation; (iii) how laws and rules can be undermined by the culture and context within which they are implemented.It relies on the voices of prisoners and staff, as well as observations and descriptions, to bring experiences to life.The accounts from staff and prisoners – sometimes joyous, sometimes harrowing – provide a rich and rare insight into the segregation unit.It provides access to, and insights into, parts of our criminal justice system which are typically impenetrable.Whilst it is an academic study of law and power in segregation units (and prison more broadly), it is also a very human account of lived experiences. The book is multi-disciplinary in nature and will appeal to those with an interest in law, sociology, criminology and psychology.It will also appeal to those seeking to understand socio-legal research methods in the field of criminal justice.However, the book is also pragmatic and has a number of recommendations which would be of interest to practitioners, lawyers, prison managers and policy-makers.
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Segregation : A Global History of Divided Cities
When we think of segregation, what often comes to mind is apartheid South Africa, or the American South in the age of Jim Crow—two societies fundamentally premised on the concept of the separation of the races.But as Carl H. Nightingale shows us in this magisterial history, segregation is everywhere, deforming cities and societies worldwide.Starting with segregation’s ancient roots, and what the archaeological evidence reveals about humanity’s long-standing use of urban divisions to reinforce political and economic inequality, Nightingale then moves to the world of European colonialism.It was there, he shows, segregation based on color—and eventually on race—took hold; the British East India Company, for example, split Calcutta into “White Town” and “Black Town.” As we follow Nightingale’s story around the globe, we see that division replicated from Hong Kong to Nairobi, Baltimore to San Francisco, and more.The turn of the twentieth century saw the most aggressive segregation movements yet, as white communities almost everywhere set to rearranging whole cities along racial lines.Nightingale focuses closely on two striking examples: Johannesburg, with its state-sponsored separation, and Chicago, in which the goal of segregation was advanced by the more subtle methods of real estate markets and housing policy.For the first time ever, the majority of humans live in cities, and nearly all those cities bear the scars of segregation.This unprecedented, ambitious history lays bare our troubled past, and sets us on the path to imagining the better, more equal cities of the future.
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Race, Sex, and Segregation in Colonial Latin America
This book traces the emergence and early development of segregationist practices and policies in Spanish and Portuguese America - showing that the practice of resettling diverse indigenous groups in segregated "Indian towns" (or aldeamentos in the case of Brazil) influenced the material reorganization of colonial space, shaped processes of racialization, and contributed to the politicization of reproductive sex.The book advances this argument through close readings of published and archival sources from the 16th and early-17th centuries, and is informed by two main conceptual concerns.First, it considers how segregation was envisioned, codified, and enforced in a historical context of consolidating racial differences and changing demographics associated with the racial mixture.Second, it theorizes the interrelations between notions of race and reproductive sexuality.It shows that segregationist efforts were justified by paternalistic discourses that aimed to conserve and foster indigenous population growth, and it contends that this illustrates how racially-qualified life was politicized in early modernity.It further demonstrates that women’s reproductive bodies were instrumentalized as a means to foster racially-qualified life, and it argues that processes of racialization are critically tied to the differential ways in which women’s reproductive capacities have been historically regulated. Race, Sex, and Segregation in Colonial Latin America is essential for students, researchers and scholars alike interested in Latin American history, social history and gender studies.
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What is toilet segregation?
Toilet segregation refers to the practice of separating toilet facilities based on gender. This means having separate restrooms for males and females. It is a common practice in many public places such as schools, workplaces, and restaurants. Toilet segregation is often implemented to provide privacy, comfort, and safety for users.
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What does class segregation mean?
Class segregation refers to the division of society based on economic status, where individuals are separated into different social classes according to their wealth, income, or occupation. This segregation can lead to unequal access to resources, opportunities, and services, creating barriers for social mobility and reinforcing disparities between the rich and the poor. Class segregation can manifest in various aspects of life, such as housing, education, healthcare, and employment, perpetuating a cycle of inequality and limiting the potential for social cohesion and economic development.
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What does gender segregation mean?
Gender segregation refers to the separation of individuals based on their gender, often in social, educational, or occupational settings. This can manifest in various ways, such as separate facilities for men and women, different roles and expectations based on gender, or limited access to certain opportunities based on gender. Gender segregation can contribute to inequality and limit individuals' freedom and opportunities based on their gender. It is a form of discrimination that reinforces traditional gender roles and can perpetuate gender-based stereotypes and biases.
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What is meant by class segregation?
Class segregation refers to the division of society based on socioeconomic status, where individuals are separated into different social classes with varying levels of wealth, income, and opportunities. This segregation can lead to inequalities in access to resources, education, healthcare, and other social benefits, creating barriers for social mobility and perpetuating disparities between different classes.
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Socioeconomic Segregation and Educational Inequality : Evidence from International Assessments
This open access book uses multiple IEA Assessments to examine the relationship between socioeconomic segregation between classrooms and student outcomes.By examining Socioeconomic status (SES) segregation between classrooms as well as between schools, it produces a more accurate estimate of student sorting.Further, this study examines the differential impact of student sorting across subject areas and grades in order to explore whether school structure’s relationship to educational inequality exhibits content and longitudinal heterogeneity.This study employs time series, fixed-effect, random-effects, and synthetic-cohort methods to comprehensively investigate the robustness of the relationship between SES segregation and achievement inequalities.This project makes an important contribution to researchers’ understanding of student sorting’s impact using a comparative lens, while also providing important information to policymakers on the role of schools in mediating social inequalities.
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Segregation in the New South : Birmingham, Alabama, 1871–1901
Carl V. Harris's Segregation in the New South, completed and edited by W.Elliot Brownlee, explores the rise of racial exclusion in late nineteenth-century Birmingham, Alabama.In the 1870s, African Americans in this crucial southern industrial city were eager to exploit the disarray of slavery's old racial lines, assert their new autonomy, and advance toward full equality.However, most southern whites worked to restore the restrictive racial lines of the antebellum South or invent new ones that would guarantee the subordination of Black residents.From Birmingham's founding in 1871, color lines divided the city, and as its people strove to erase the lines or fortify them, they shaped their futures in fateful ways.Social segregation is at the center of Harris's history.He shows that from the beginning of Reconstruction southern whites engaged in a comprehensive program of assigning social dishonor to African Americans—the same kind of dishonor that whites of the Old South had imposed on Black people while enslaving them.In the process, southern whites engaged in constructing the meaning of race in the New South.
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Sex segregation and inequality in the modern labour market
This book presents a novel interpretation of the nature, causes and consequences of sex inequality in the modern labour market.Employing a sophisticated new theoretical framework, and drawing on original fieldwork, the book develops a subtle account of the phenomenon of sex segregation and offers a major challenge to existing approaches. In an environment increasingly defined by attempts to converge and consolidate international policy objectives, an in-depth understanding of contemporary forms of inequality is vital to anyone interested in the effective translation of normative accounts of social justice into practical policy.Aimed at academics and advanced students working in social policy, sociology and political science, as well as policy makers, this book makes an important contribution to knowledge and debate in the field.
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Cutting School : Privatization, Segregation, and the End of Public Education
The presidential election of 2016 highlighted some long-standing flaws in American democracy and added a few new ones.Across the political spectrum, most Americans do not believe that democracy is delivering on its promises of fairness, justice, shared prosperity, or security in a changing world.The nation cannot even begin to address climate change and economic justice if it remains paralysed by political gridlock.Democracy Unchained is about making American democracy work to solve problems that have long impaired our system of governance.
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How does gentrification promote social spatial segregation?
Gentrification promotes social spatial segregation by displacing lower-income residents from their neighborhoods as property values increase and rents rise. This leads to the concentration of wealthier individuals in these areas, creating a divide between those who can afford to live in the newly gentrified neighborhoods and those who cannot. As a result, social and economic disparities are exacerbated, further segregating communities along class lines. Additionally, the influx of new amenities and services catering to higher-income residents can further isolate and exclude lower-income individuals from accessing resources in their own neighborhoods.
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Why was segregation unconstitutional in the USA?
Segregation was deemed unconstitutional in the USA because it violated the principle of equal protection under the law guaranteed by the 14th Amendment of the Constitution. The Supreme Court's landmark decision in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954 declared that separate facilities for different races were inherently unequal and therefore unconstitutional. This ruling paved the way for the dismantling of segregation laws and practices across the country, leading to greater civil rights and equality for all Americans.
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When did racial segregation begin in America?
Racial segregation in America began in the late 19th century following the Reconstruction era after the Civil War. The Jim Crow laws, which enforced racial segregation in public facilities, transportation, and schools, were implemented in the Southern states starting in the 1890s. This system of segregation persisted until the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, when laws were passed to end segregation and promote equality for all races.
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Are there holiday camps with racial segregation?
Holiday camps with racial segregation are not common in most parts of the world, as they would be considered discriminatory and illegal in many countries. However, there have been instances of racial segregation in holiday camps in the past, particularly in the United States during the era of segregation laws. Today, most holiday camps and resorts have policies and practices in place to promote diversity and inclusion, and to ensure that all guests are treated equally regardless of their race or ethnicity. It is important for holiday camps to be welcoming and inclusive to all individuals, regardless of their background.
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